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Lavochkin La-150
The Lavochkin La-150 (also known as the ''Izdeliye'' 150 – Aircraft or Article 150,〔All Lavochkin's jet aircraft were referred to in-house, and at government level, as "''Izdeliye'' 150", etc.〕 USAF/DOD designation Type 3),〔Parsch, Andreas and Aleksey V. Martynov. ("Designations of Soviet and Russian Military Aircraft and Missiles." ) ''designation-systems.net,'' 2008. Retrieved: 19 August 2011.〕 was designed by the Lavochkin design bureau (OKB) in response to a 1945 order to build a single-seat jet fighter using a single German turbojet. By this time both the Americans and British, as well as the Germans, had already flown jet fighters and the single Soviet jet engine under development (the Lyulka TR-1) was not yet ready for production. The design was completed quickly, but the construction of the five flying prototypes was protracted by the factory's inexperience in building metal aircraft. The aircraft made its first flight in September 1946, but proved to require extensive modifications to meet the Soviet Air Forces' requirements. These took so long to make and test that the aircraft was essentially obsolete by the time that they were completed. Even one variant with a much more powerful engine was inferior to other aircraft that the OKB had under development and all work was terminated in 1947.
==Design and development==
The Lavochkin OKB was ordered to design a fighter using a single Junkers Jumo 004B axial-flow turbojet in February 1945.〔Gunston 1995, p. 167.〕 Much like their rivals at the Mikoyan-Gurevich OKB with their MiG-9, the OKB chose a "pod-and-boom" layout for their new fighter, based on advice from the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI), although their design had a shoulder-mounted wing.〔Gordon 2002, p. 102.〕 The wings of the all-metal aircraft had fixed leading edges and slotted flaps.〔 The cockpit was well forward, giving the pilot good visibility, and he was protected by an armored headrest. The windscreen of the teardrop-shaped canopy was also armored. Two Nudelman-Suranov NS-23 autocannon were mounted on the lower side of the fuselage with 75 rounds per gun. The tricycle landing gear retracted into the fuselage which gave the 150 a very narrow track. The Soviet derivative of the Jumo engine, the RD-10, was rated at and was mounted behind the cockpit. A steel heat shield protected the bottom of the rear fuselage from the engine's exhaust.〔Gordon 2002, pp. 102, 110.〕 Air was supplied by an intake in the aircraft nose that split around the cockpit before reaching the engine.〔 Seven tanks, five in the fuselage and one in each wing, carried a total of of fuel.〔
Construction of a full-scale mockup was completed in June 1945 by Factory No. 81, but the order for five prototypes was given to Factory No. 381 as Factory No. 81 was already fully committed to other programs. Manufacturing drawings were delivered to Factory No. 381 by the end of August, but the prototypes were delayed because the plant had no experience building metal aircraft and lacked the necessary tooling.〔 By the end of the year, the factory had only managed to complete a single airframe for static load testing. This showed that the rear fuselage, wings and tail needed to be reinforced, and the opportunity was taken to enlarge the vertical stabilizer as well. These tests and modifications required six months of work so that the first flying prototype was not completed until July 1946. Manufacturer's testing of the first prototype began on 27 August, after ground testing had required replacing the engine twice, and the first flight was made on 11 September.〔Gordon 2002, pp. 102, 104.〕
The following day, the Council of Ministers ordered that a small batch of jets from each OKB were to participate in the 7 November parade commemorating the October Revolution. Because of the tight deadline, the components for the two incomplete prototypes were turned over to Factory No. 301 at Khimki, the new headquarters for the Lavochkin OKB, for assembly by Factory No. 381. Factory No. 21 in Gorky joined the program with three more aircraft built in record time with support from Factory No. 301. Tooling was constructed in 5–10 days with the first aircraft completed in a week and a half.〔Gordon 2002, pp. 104–105.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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